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<h1><a name="SECTION0018000000000000000000"></a>
<a name="unix"></a>
<br>
16. Unix Specific Services
</h1>

<p>
The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to features
that are unique to the <span class="Unix">Unix</span> operating system, or in some cases to
some or many variants of it.  Here's an overview:

<p>
<table class='synopsistable' valign='baseline'>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-posix.html'>posix</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The most common POSIX system calls (normally used
                via module <tt class="module"><a href="module-os.html">os</a></tt>).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pwd.html'>pwd</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The password database (<tt class="function">getpwnam()</tt> and friends).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-spwd.html'>spwd</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The shadow password database (<tt class="function">getspnam()</tt> and friends).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-grp.html'>grp</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The group database (<tt class="function">getgrnam()</tt> and friends).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-crypt.html'>crypt</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The <tt class="cfunction">crypt()</tt> function used to check
  <span class="Unix">Unix</span> passwords.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-dl.html'>dl</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Call C functions in shared objects.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-termios.html'>termios</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>POSIX style tty control.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-tty.html'>tty</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Utility functions that perform common terminal control
                operations.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pty.html'>pty</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Pseudo-Terminal Handling for SGI and Linux.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-fcntl.html'>fcntl</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The <tt class="function">fcntl()</tt> and <tt class="function">ioctl()</tt> system calls.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pipes.html'>pipes</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>A Python interface to <span class="Unix">Unix</span> shell pipelines.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-posixfile.html'>posixfile</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>A file-like object with support for locking.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-resource.html'>resource</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>An interface to provide resource usage information on
  the current process.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-nis.html'>nis</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-syslog.html'>syslog</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>An interface to the <span class="Unix">Unix</span> syslog library routines.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-commands.html'>commands</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Utility functions for running external commands.</td></tr>
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